This deliverable enhances tools for evaluating wind turbine deployment’s health and safety impacts across Europe, focusing on noise emissions, shadow flicker, and risk assessment. Compared to deliverable D2.3, changes in noise modelling now include the formulation of noise propagation according to ISO 9613-2:2024 standards, improved attenuation modelling (which considers attenuation caused by atmospheric conditions, ground types, and natural barriers), and the incorporation of ambient noise sources. These updates enable more accurate and region-specific assessments of turbine noise impacts.
The upgraded shadow flicker tool significantly enhances realism by integrating turbine operational periods based on wind speed, improving penumbra calculations, and incorporating terrain awareness. Validated through comprehensive comparisons with established industry software, it provides a more accurate representation of shadow flicker impacts, facilitating better site selection and enhancing the quality of information offered to users in the WIMBY interactive map.
Finally, the accident risk assessment for European wind farms provides detailed risk indicators at the NUTS2 level. Furthermore, a novel method for calculating Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) has been developed, integrating various health impacts (i.e., fatalities and injuries) that can be included in the WIMBY interactive map. Data-based risk indicators can help clarify the controversial discussions on subjective risk perception and the general acceptance of wind power. Risk indicators at the NUTS2 level show substantial variability between and within countries. The EU, UK, and EFTA countries perform better than the OECD group, while EU candidate countries remain much closer to the non-OECD country group, except for Turkey.
Together, these advancements improve the functionality of the WIMBY’s interactive map and offer users enhanced information about the potential impacts of a simulated wind farm case.